DIFFRACTION GRATINGHANDBOOKsixth editionChristopher PalmerNewport CorporationErwin Loewen (first edition)NEWPORT CORPORATION705 St.Paul Street,Rochester,New York 14605 USAtel:585262-1331,fax:585/454-1568e-mail:gratings.sales@newport.comweb site:http://www.newport.com/Newport.Experience SolutionsCopyright 2005,Newport Corporation,All Rights ReservedIn 2004.Spectra-Physics,including Richardson Gratings,Corion Filters,Hilger Crystals andOriel Instruments,was acquired by Newport Corporation.CONTENTSPREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION121.SPECTROSCOPY AND GRATINGS141.0.INTRODUCTION141.1.THE DIFFRACTION GRATING151.2.A BRIEF HISTORY OF GRATING DEVELOPMENT161.3.HISTORY OF THE NEWPORT GRATINGS OPERATION171.4.DIFFRACTION GRATINGS FROM NEWPORT182.THE PHYSICS OF DIFFRACTION GRATINGS202.1.THE GRATING EQUATION202.2.DIFFRACTION ORDERS255262.3.DISPERSION2822.3.2.Linear dispersion2.4.RESOLVING POWER,SPECTRAL RESOLUTION,ANDBANDPASS2.4.1.Resolving power2.4.2.Spectral resolution32.4.3.Bandpass342.5.FOCAL LENGTH AND //NUMBER352.6.ANAMORPHIC MAGNIFICATION372.7.FREE SPECTRAL RANGE382.8.ENERGY DISTRIBUTION (GRATING EFFICIENCY)382.9.SCATTERED AND STRAY LIGHT412.10.SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR)41