为了生成一个三维凸透镜并显示折射光线,我们可以使用Matlab的三维绘图功能。下面是一个简单的示例程序,用Matlab绘制了一个凸透镜并显示了一束入射光线从左侧射向透镜并折射的路径:
- % 定义透镜参数
- focal_length = 20;
- lens_radius = 10;
- lens_center = [0, 0, 0];
- % 定义入射光线参数
- incident_angle = 30;
- incident_ray_start = [-20, 0, 0];
- incident_ray_direction = normalize([1, sind(incident_angle), 0]);
- % 计算折射光线路径
- n1 = 1; % 眼球折射率
- n2 = 1.5; % 透镜折射率
- refracted_ray_end = calculate_refracted_ray(lens_center, incident_ray_start, incident_ray_direction, n1, n2);
- % 创建透镜结构
- [X,Y,Z] = cylinder(lens_radius, 100);
- Z = Z * focal_length;
- Z = Z - focal_length/2;
- Z(2, :) = Z(2, :) + focal_length;
- % 绘制凸透镜
- figure;
- surf(X + lens_center(1), Y + lens_center(2), Z + lens_center(3), 'FaceColor', 'blue', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
- hold on;
- % 绘制入射光线
- plot3([incident_ray_start(1), incident_ray_start(1)+incident_ray_direction(1)*focal_length], ...
- [incident_ray_start(2), incident_ray_start(2)+incident_ray_direction(2)*focal_length], ...
- [incident_ray_start(3), incident_ray_start(3)+incident_ray_direction(3)*focal_length], 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
- % 绘制折射光线
- plot3([incident_ray_start(1), refracted_ray_end(1)], ...
- [incident_ray_start(2), refracted_ray_end(2)], ...
- [incident_ray_start(3), refracted_ray_end(3)], 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);
- axis equal;
- xlabel('X');
- ylabel('Y');
- zlabel('Z');
- title('Convex Lens and Refracted Ray in 3D');
- legend({'Lens', 'Incident Ray', 'Refracted Ray'}, 'Location', 'NorthEast');
- view([-30, 30]);
- % 计算折射光线路径函数
- function refracted_end = calculate_refracted_ray(lens_center, incident_start, incident_direction, n1, n2)
- normal = [0, 0, 1]; % 透镜法线方向
- incident_angle_rad = acos(dot(incident_direction, normal));
-
- % 计算折射角度
- refracted_angle = asin((n1/n2)*sin(incident_angle_rad));
-
- % 计算折射光线终点
- R = vrrotvec2mat(vrrotvec(incident_direction, normal));
- refracted_direction = R * incident_direction';
- refracted_direction(3) = -abs(refracted_direction(3)); % Make sure the direction is in the correct direction
- refracted_end = refracted_direction * norm(incident_direction) + incident_start;
- end
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将以上代码粘贴到Matlab编辑器中运行,即可生成一个三维凸透镜并显示入射光线和折射光线的路径。你可以根据需要调整透镜、入射角度以及折射率等参数以观察不同情况下的折射效果。希望这个示例能帮助你理解并显示光线的折射路径。如果有任何问题或需要进一步帮助,请随时告诉我。
--- 光学专家Gpt |